Feature by Simran Bharadwaj

Image via Freepik

Feature by Simran Bharadwaj

Image via Freepik

​Feature by Nikita Fernandes

Feature by Nikita Fernandes 

The illustrator and author Mari Andrew wrote a beautiful piece titled "On Being an Extremely Jealous Person," in which she shares that the hardest part of jealousy is the shame we feel around it, thinking we should be better. Experiencing jealousy is a human reaction. It can be uncomfortable to feel but as human beings, we deal with jealousy during different stages of our lives. People might feel jealous in their interpersonal relationships. For example, an individual might feel jealous when they see their partner flirting with someone else. People also experience jealousy in platonic relationships like friendships and family. Now that we've acknowledged that jealousy is universal, let's explore how to cope with it.

​William James, the father of psychology, used magnetic force as a metaphor to describe human connection and love. He explained that if we took a magnet and hovered it over safety pins the pins would connect to the magnet. And, if you put a paper on the magnet and hovered it over the same safety pins - the pins would still gravitate to the magnet and connect. For the pins, there is no difference between being connected directly to the magnet, or if there is a paper between itself and the magnetic force. However, humans are different. 

                



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Baby has arrived! The parents are elated with the new addition to the family. The baby takes in all the love showered onto him/her. When an infant is born he or she does not have a sense of self. He is not aware of where he ends and others begin; there is a bubble around him/her and mother. According to Margret Mahler, the task for the newborn infant is to develop his sense of self as an individual and separate person. 
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 At first, the infant is self-absorbed and perceives him/herself and mother as one. Then, the infant begins to be alert and curios about the world. Once the baby begins to crawl, he/she can actively experiment with being separate from the mother. Finally, the child recognizes that his mobile ability separates him from the mother. Yet, the baby still wants his mother near him as he ventures out. The mother’s reaction, to the child’s tentative experimentation with exploring the world, will determine the development of an individual self in the child. If the mother responds by being impatient with the child’s uncertainty, or with anger toward the child’s need for separateness, the child will fail to develop a strong sense of self. A child whose mother is unreliable, intrusive, and emotionally unavailable will develop fears of engulfment or abandonment. These fears will seriously interfere with the ability to be intimate in later years.  

The relationship between mother and child is the “prototype” for later intimate relationships. Since the attachment between the mother and child is the first intimate experience, good enough parenting establishes the ability for later intimate romantic relationships. Intimacy is dependent on the person’s ability to self-disclose and share personal information with the intimate other. Intimate relationships call on the person’s willingness to be vulnerable and trust that their partner will not abandon them. Most importantly, the person must trust his or her sense of self, that he or she will not completely collapse and lose their sense of self.  

Eric Erikson postulated that a healthy development trajectory includes the achievement of intimacy. If one does not resolve the developmental crisis of intimacy versus isolation, by forming close romantic relationships, their development to later stages are hindered. However, Erikson explains that in order to be intimate, a person first needs to have a self. As he quotes, “To be able to share a WE, we must have sense of I” (Erikson, 1984).

The core of the psychic fear of intimacy is the fear of merging and engulfment by the other. Weak ego boundaries and the inability to maintain a sense of self is a threat to the self-identity and being intimate with a partner is a danger. As mentioned above, in order to be intimate one needs to have the capacity to be vulnerable, thereby loosening his or her boundaries. For a person with a poor sense of self, loosening his or her boundaries means a total loss of self. The paradox of intimacy is the ability to simultaneously remain separate yet connected. Intimacy requires a level of merging. But, for someone who cannot maintain his or her separate self, intimacy becomes impossible. The person fears that if they open themselves up to the other person, they will merge and be engulfed by their partner. Therefore, avoiding intimacy is a defense against the loss of self.

Another area to consider is when one feels that their partner is merging into them. The partner’s genuine and caring attempt to be intimate is seen as an infringement on his or her autonomy. As one partner moves toward deeper intimacy, the other partner resists. (sexual acting out (i.e. infidelity) can potentially be an attempt to resist the deeper intimacy). It is important to note that everyone struggles with the dilemma of engulfment and the desire for an intimate relationship. The capacity to be intimate is dependent on the extent of the dilemma. The ability to trust that one can maintain their own identity without fusing into their partner’s identity; opens the space for intimacy to flourish. 

​You promised your lover to be there in sickness and health. But, did you promise that you will always know what is on his or her mind? Where did this myth of “if you love me, you would know” come from? How has it happened that we began to equate “knowing everything about you” with love?

To feel loved, we need to feel known. But to be known, we need to talk, we need to show up, and we need to communicate. I don’t know where we went so wrong that we decided that “true lovers” could skip the step of communication. And to be known means that my partner can read my mind and understand my subtle hints. Again and again, I hear the phrase, “if you loved me, you would know what I need” or “If you loved me, you would know why I am upset.”

 Why is “dropping a hint” is problematic? Not everyone understands hints. We are not all great mind-readers. In fact, studies show that we over estimate our skills of mind-reading but, we are terrible at mind-reading (Ames & Kammrath, 2004).
 
Here is how a hint dropping situation ends:
You tell your partner “I’ll be home late tonight” (You are thinking that if you tell them you will be late they will get the hint that you are still upset about how they yelled at you last night).

Your partner hears, “He/she will be home late tonight” and they go about making plans for the evening.

You get upset and you start making interpretations such as, “he/she is so self-centered. He/she does not even realize that I am upset.”

As you are stewing in your office and staying out late, your partner is pouring him or herself some red wine and enjoying their favorite Netflix show.

As promised, you come home late, only to find your partner on the couch smiling peacefully at the TV screen. You get even angrier. You make more interpretations, confirming your earlier hypothesis; He/she is self-absorbed, stupid, unaware, selfish, doesn’t care about you… You storm off to bed.

Sounds familiar?

By dropping a hint and failing to communicate directly, you exacerbated a situation that could have been tamed by merely sharing your feelings. Sharing your feelings will get you closer to having your needs met. Most importantly, authentic communication is a direct pathway toward intimacy and marital satisfaction. 

Expecting your partner to mind-read and sending hints only digs you deeper into your cocoon of misery. It does not benefit your relationship. Period. Hints just intensify your anger at your partner because you are enraged by how oblivious he or she is. You get angrier, and your partner gets more confused.  Avoiding direct communication causes you both to be uneasy and feel insecure. It is never clear if someone is upset and both of you end up in a lonely corner where you are constantly wondering if someone is upset because someone failed to “get the hint”.

In summary, if you find yourself dropping hints, take the hint and recognize that you and your partner are not comfortable with communication. In order to avoid the dropping-hints-trap, state your needs clearly and specifically. Remember that your partner does not live inside your brain.

I recently read the book by Emily Nagoski “Come as you are” and the overall voice of her book is her intense desire to announce to the world “you need to know this!” I caught that fever when I read the chapter on sexual non-concordance. Here I am carrying the inspiration forward and shouting (in my head) you need to know this!

What is sexual non-concordance?
Sexual concordance is when the genital response and the subjective sexual response; “I am interested in sexy time” are in alignment. Meaning, that there are evident physiological responses; a man has an erection and a woman has vaginal swelling and lubrication, plus the person reports feeling aroused. Sexual non-concordance is when we consciously do not report sexual arousal, but physiologically, our body is responding. Visa versa, we can subjectively report interest in sexual activity but physiologically the genitals are not aroused (Nagoski, 2015). For example, a woman might feel aroused and excited to have sex with her partner, but when she attempts to have sex she experiences vaginal dryness. Similarly, a man might be excited and emotionally aroused but then unable to attain an erection.

How does this sexual non-concordance happen?
There are two ways that we process information; bottom up processing and top down processing. Bottom up processing is referring to our bodies response to outside stimuli that is not in our conscious control. Top down processing is referring to our cognitive appraisal, cognitive control, and attention toward stimuli presented to us. Top down processing is dependent on personal goals, biases, perception, appraisal, and what we believe is appropriate. Top down is an active process and a conscious response to information. As for bottom up, it is an automatic response without our conscious control.
Bottom up sexual arousal is the physiological response to sexually explicit stimuli (something you find sexy), such that there is genital arousal, however, this does not mean that you will be interested in sexy time. Even more, you might not even be conscious of your arousal. Researchers showed a variety of porn scenes to men and women and asked them to rate the porn based on how aroused they felt. The participants reported feeling aroused for only one type of porn but when they measured their physiological sexual arousal (heart rate, vaginal blood flow) they were equally aroused for all the porn scenes. Top down sexual arousal, is the conscious awareness AND interest in sexual arousal. Such that, the person will report the sexual arousal and possibly pursue sexual activity. For example, being touched gently by your partner while you are rushing and trying to leave the house might feel irritating. If you are being touched gently by your partner while relaxing in bed, you will experience the touch as sexually arousing. This means that being aware of sexual information or receiving sexual stimulation is not enough. The top down processing is responsible for the motivation and interest in sexual activity.
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Because two systems are at play when sexual arousal and sexual interest occur, there is a potential for miscommunications between the systems. Not only is there miscommunication between systems, sometimes, the top down process suppress and stops the bottom up processing. Once the person is sexually stimulated, he or she must make the conscious decision to enjoy the sexual arousal in pursuit of sexual activity. However, since top down processing is subject to biases, attitudes, and social rules, it can easily interfere with genital arousal and stop sexual arousal despite the desire to be sexually active. As mentioned before, top down processing is our cognitive control over presented information. Even if there is a biological genital response to sexually explicit information, the possibility of sexual arousal is dependent on the mood and the environment. We cognitively need to evaluate the sexual stimulus and the environment as arousing. Hence, there might be blood flow to the genitals and vaginal lubrication (bottom up), but if the conscious mind (top down) is not “in the mood”, or in the right emotional state, sexual activity will not happen.
 

​You scanned the headings of this blog post and  I am sure you are surprised. Relationships as a habit, being independent, endless harmony, and knowing everything about your partner: These are generally qualities that are deemed positive for a relationship or a long lasting love life. However, as we classically know “too much of a good thing is not always a good thing.”

Making your relationship into a habit
The killer: The beginning of relationships are exciting and invigorating. However, there is one nagging thought “will this last?” While the relationship continues to develop and we realize that we really like this person and we really like who we are while we are with him or her, we begin to desire more. Naturally, we want the relationship to continue, maybe hoping it will last a lifetime. Hence, we begin to make efforts toward chasing away the nagging thought of “will this last?” We desire this person so much, that we want to chase away the unpredictability of the relationship. To manage our anxiety, we move toward securing the relationship (and that means something different for every person) by creating routines and predictability. While security, predictability, and routine, is always positive progress for a relationship, there is an inherent risk in making your relationship predictable and almost monotonous. Your relationship becomes a habit, and no one feels sexy when they are someone’s habit. Habits are not particularly invigorating or exciting, habits are just there. You practiced long enough and now it is a part of your life, you do not need to think about it.  Secure relationships would definitely be on the list of good habits. Conversely, constant seeking of excitement and “non-habit” relationships are what fuel sexual affairs. So now, all this seems too confusing. Hence, we need to find that magic spot between stability and keeping a relationship passionate.

The remedy: Trying to do something different is always good for a relationship. Instead of trying to find something new to do, kick it up a notch and try to stop doing what you always do and see what happens. Let the moment take you. For example, you always kiss your partner good night, it is ingrained in your routine and you are not even aware that you are doing it. What happens if one night you don’t kiss her? How does she react? What happens between the two of you? Do you do something else? How do you feel? How does she feel? No matter how this ends, you will learn something new about your relationship and your partner. Be aware: It is risky! But perhaps your relationship has been yearning for some risk.

Being Independent
The killer: “Independence is a problem? Didn’t you write an article on the importance of independence?” Yes! and I also wrote an article on dependency leading to satisfaction and commitment. But, complete independence and eliminating dependency in a relationship is the recipe for the death of love. Being dependent on someone makes the relationship “high-stakes”. The more we desire, the more we fear the loss. When we have a high-stakes risk, we invest in it. It is the high-stakes in relationships that fuels romantic passion. Desiring our partners love, is a declaration of dependency. You cannot have desire without dependence. You are dependent on your partner’s reaction and your partner’s response toward you; “will he/she love you or not?”. Hence, dependency makes us feel vulnerable and many of us are entrenched in trying to escape vulnerability. In fact, one of the character traits of narcissistic personality disorder is the inability to be dependent on a romantic partner. Narcissists are unable to admit that they need their lover in their life. For narcissistic men and women, dependency is too threatening and they are likely to escape the relationship (physically or emotionally) the moment they feel a sense of dependency.

The remedy: Be dependent. Ok, not completely dependent. You need to strike the balance between being independent but not fearing to admit some dependency on your lover. If the word “need” is too much for you, then go with the word “desire”, then take the plunge to express to your partner that you desire his or her love, comfort, recognition, respect… If there is something that your partner does best, let them know. For example, your partner makes a wicked coffee, thank him and let him know that his barista skills beat yours.

Endless Harmony
The Killer: I know I am pushing it now. But, endless harmony is the killer. The essence of relationships, as cliché as this sounds, are “its ups and downs.” Relationships will always have disagreements. If you are waiting for the day when you and your partner will never, ever fight again, you might want to reevaluate. If couples are in a relationship, past their honeymoon phase, and never fight or disagree, then their relationship is dead. Endless harmony means that one of you are not being honest. Partners will often avoid telling one another what they think or feel in order to avoid a fight. They create a façade of harmony when internally they are sitting on a lifetime of emotions they have never disclosed. Or, one partner is completely checked out of the relationship. He or she could not careless about their partner or their relationship.  

The remedy: Check in with one another. If expressing yourself in the moment is not your style or sometimes you don’t even know what you are feeling till after the fact, create a time of the day or week that is dedicated to sharing with your partner. For example, your partner mumbles under her breath that this is the third time this week she’s cleaned up after you and you are such a slob. You go about your day but find yourself irritable and yelling at your kids. You insightfully recognize that you were quiet hurt by your partner’s comment but you are unsure how to bring it up to her since the incident has passed. If you have a set time of day where you check in, you would be able to express your hurt feelings to your partner without trying to find the “right moment.”
 
“I know everything about you”
The Killer: Knowing everything there is to know about our partner makes us feel secure. We want to know what our partner is up to and we want to believe that our partner does not have hidden parts to him or self. However, there is a risk in believing that we know everything about him or her. The declaration of “I know everything there is to know about you” undermines and undervalues the complexity of the human psyche. We will never know each other completely -- that is what makes human relationships interesting, and yes, sometimes quite difficult. We are always changing, new environments stimulate different responses and triggering events evoke parts of our personality we might not have known about. When you stop being curious and discovering new aspects of your partner, your relationship stops growing.

The remedy: Be curious. Remain open and curious to learn about your partner. Ask you partner questions with curiosity and leave judgment outside the room. Asking questions with curiosity gives the other person the opportunity to respond honestly rather than defensively. Curious questions cultivate respect in a relationship allowing space for individualism and honoring differences. By remaining curious, you are guaranteed to learn something new about your partner.

Every time I suggest to a client the idea of scheduling sex, without fail I get the same reaction. Either turning up their nose or a flat out no accompanied by “that so unromantic” or “it kills the vibe, if I need to schedule sex I would rather not do it.”  
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Since you refuse to schedule sex, this is what it looks like: You want to flirt but you withhold because you're afraid that it will lead to sex and you just do not have time. Days go by as you and your partner make halfhearted attempts at initiating sex but you are both so distracted that nothing ever happens. You are tempted to sext your partner but abstain because you know you’ll both be drained at the end of the day, so why bother ignite the passion. You neglect to do anything to spark sexual tension because you've completely forgotten that sex is even a thing.
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Imagine this, you know that your sex-date is scheduled for Monday or Wednesday or whatever your favorite day of the week is. You allow yourself to flirt, because you know there is no way sex is happening. So flirt all you want because you are going right back to that task that is waiting for you. You sext or send naughty messages as your sex-date draws closer. You allow sexual tension to build up because you know you are going down (or up) with a bang. All the passion that you invest has a goal and when on your sex-date you are present, no distractions. You are excited to remain intimately engaged because you most definitely remember that sex is a still a thing.
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And if you break the schedule... have sex outside the allowed day… oh well, I doubt you'll complain.
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